The United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Hydrography Dataset is, "a comprehensive set of digital spatial data that contains information about surface water features such as lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, springs and wells."

From the project's web site: "Within the NHD, surface water features are combined to form "reaches," which provide the framework for linking water-related data to the NHD surface water drainage network. These linkages enable the analysis and display of these water-related data in upstream and downstream order." You can learn more about the technical aspects of the data, including a quick start guide, from the project's technical references page.

NHD data is available for use online with the NHD viewer. "Data requests in NHDinGEO can be extracted by subbasin, county, congressional district or by topographic map quad. Data can be extracted in blocks encompassing several adjacent reference areas. Data are also available in a modified form of the traditional NHDinARC model called NHDGEOinARC. Data requests in NHDGEOinARC are only available by individual subbasins." To find a subbasin of interest or to find its number, you can use the Environmental Projection Agency's (EPA), Surf Your Watershed site.

Additionally, there are quite a few tools available online from the NHD site that can assist in working with the data.